CNC machines and tools are becoming more complex with every new day. The amount of tools available is also growing. With such high levels of precision now available, it is important to look at how many axes you actually need to work with. CNC machining services from your local precision engineering experts can use up to 7 axes. Below is a look at more simple projects, some that only need 2 axes.
CNC Machines and Tools : Projects Using 2 Axis
When CNC was first invented, all machines had only 2 axes. Some 2 axis machines are still used today. The need for more axes grows with the complexity of the workpiece. You can work with a 2 axis machine if all the cutting required takes place in the same plane. No cutting along the vertical or Z axis is possible. However, circular arc and angled lines can be created by using the X and Y axes simultaneously.
You can also use CNC machines and tools with 2.5 axes. Here the Z axis is used for the purpose of changing the level of the plane. This motion however is not simultaneous to the X and Y movements. What this means is that the machine can interpole together any 2 axes, but not 3 simultaneously. For example, cutting can take place along XY or YZ, but a full 3 axis interpolation is not possible. 3 Axis machining will allow for simultaneous cutting along the X,Y, and Z axes.
CNC Machines and Tools : 4 Axis
4 axis machining includes the X, Y, and Z axes and 1 additional rotary axis movement. 4 axis simultaneous interpolation is possible. 4 axis machining can be used to make complex parts, the 4th axis re-positioning during operation.
Modern CNC can include machining with 5, 6, or even 7 axes. In a general CNC machine shop, you will see machines with 5 axes working. The more complex machines with 6 or more axes are expensive, and are generally only found in large operations.
If you are starting out in CNC, then a general rule of thumb is to start simple. A 2 axis machine is good for beginners, but you will quickly find that you are limited to what you can make with your router or CNC machine. For this purpose, as a first machine, a 3 axis machine is probably the best choice.
If you are on a tight budget and looking to buy your first CNC router, kits can be bought that can be added to later on. What this means is that you could start off with a simplistic machine, adding more CNC tools and axes when you are more confident with what you can do. When working with a CNC router at home, ensure you always use the correct safety gear, and read up on the do’s and don’ts of home CNC before you start.
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