Let’s assume that you have just acquired a simple CNC machine but you know very little about how to use it. The most simple of machines is usually a mill, and you will be using it to cut metals or wood. In this article we will concentrate on milling metals. There is no point getting ahead of yourself when you really don’t know what you are doing. So, read on for some top tips for CNC milling for beginners.
Simple CNC Machine : Cutters
When selecting the cutters for your machine, don’t go with the cheapest multipack that was made in China. But, don’t spend too much. Invest in some middle of the range cutters from a known manufacturer. Get a few sizes; say half inch, quarter inch, and 3 16ths of an inch. Until you are more experienced, there is no point in investing in delicate cutters.
When shopping for your cutters, also buy a good set of parallels, a clamping kit, and a vise. Vises are expensive, but they are a crucial part of your simple CNC machine kit. So, get a decent one. It will last you for decades. Also ensure you invest in some coolant for your machine. If your machine isn’t set up for coolant, then by a misting kit that will stop the buildup of chips that would occur otherwise.
MDI
Before progressing on to CNC, you should learn how to use your machine manually. A simple CNC machine will allow you to use it manually. Whilst learning about how to manually use your machine, you will start to learn some simple G Code. This is very important, as once you switch over to CNC you will need to have a proper understanding of G Code. To start, do some practice moves on the X and Y axes only. Later on, you can progress to the Z axis.
Simple CNC Machine : Feeds and Speed Calculator
Another investment you cannot avoid is a feeds and speeds calculator. This way you will be sure that the speed of the spindle is correct for the type of cuts you want to make. Once you progress from manual to CNC cutting, you will need to make sure your speeds and feeds are spot on.
Simple CNC Machine : Start Out with Simple Metals
When you are learning to use your new CNC mill, avoid stainless. Start out with brass, aluminium or mild steel. You might also like to start out with wood or plastic for making your very first cuts. Don’t try to make complex cuts to start with, or to make a specific object. Use a simple 2 by 4 piece of metal or wood, and just practice making cuts on it. Like with everything, practice makes perfect. Once you are confident with the cuts you make, the speed, and G Code it is the time to go on and actually start you real first project.
If you are wearing down cutters too quickly, then you are not ready to progress to your first project. Your finished workpiece should be smooth, and you should not be breaking your cutters! Only when you can master the art of cuts that look good should you then progress onto more difficult materials like stainless steel. For a first project, you could try to square a piece of metal. Remember, you should not try anything complex until you have the basics mastered. Squaring a workpiece means making all the necessary cuts until all sides are parallel. Be prepared for mistakes. You will make them!
Once you have made a perfectly square and parallel piece of metal, it’s time to progress from manual to CNC. This means getting confident with G Code. Once again, don’t get ahead of yourself. It will take time to become proficient, and you will make mistakes. If you are unsure about the software, or don’t have anyone to ask, you could take an online course in G Code. Alternatively, you could watch YouTube videos, of which you will find hundreds circulating on the Internet.
Conclusion
Investing in your first simple CNC machine is exciting. But like all things, you need to learn how to use it, step by step. Cast your mind back to riding a bike and taking off the stabilisers, or learning to drive. You didn’t just get in a car and hope for the best. You learned the basics first, and then by your second lesson, your instructor probably let you sit behind the wheel!
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